Resumo
A reestruturação do capitalismo envolveu mudanças profundas no modo de operação das empresas, na integração dos mercados e na esfera de soberania do Estado. A globalização econômica acirrou a competição entre empresas, trabalhadores e nações. A ordem monetária internacional hierarquizada, comandada pelo dólar, potencializou um desenvolvimento desigual e combinado. O objetivo do artigo é estimular a reflexão sobre o capitalismo contemporâneo pela ótica da Economia Política. A dinâmica dos fluxos financeiros e o aumento dos estoques de riqueza produziram impactos na gestão macroeconômica, geração de empregos e distribuição de renda nos países desenvolvidos. A desindustrialização precoce de economias latino-americanas e a industrialização consistente de economias asiáticas alteraram a divisão internacional do trabalho e diferenciaram a periferia capitalista. A financeirização da riqueza e o empoderamento do rentismo restringiram a atuação da maioria dos governos em prol do pleno emprego e da proteção social. A difusão das cadeias globais de valor e a redefinição do padrão de concorrência de grandes corporações afetaram negativamente os sindicatos e o mercado de trabalho, aumentando o desemprego (mesmo que disfarçado) e a precariedade das relações de trabalho.
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