Résumé
La reestructuration du capitalisme e entraîné de profonds changements dans le mode de fonctionnement des entreprises, dans l’intégration des marches et dans la sphère de la souveraineté des États. La mondialisation économique a intensifié la concurrence entre les entreprises, les travailleurs et les nations. L’ordre monétaire international hiérarchisé, dominé par le dollar, a favorisé um dévelloppement inégal et combine. Le but de cet article est de stimuler la réflexion sur le capitalisme contemporain du point du vue de l’économie politique. La dynamique des flux financiers et la hausse des stocks de richesse ont a eu une incidence sur la gestion macroéconomique, la création d’emplois et la répartition des revenus dans les pays développés. La désindustrialisation precoce des économies latino-américaines et l’industrialisation cohérente des économies asiatiques ont modifié la division internationale du travail et différencié la périphérie capitaliste. La financiarisation de la richesse et l’autonomisation du rentier ont contraint la plupart des gouvernements à oeuvrer pour le plein emploi et la protection sociale. Les chaînes de valeur mondiales répandues et la redéfinition du modèle de concurrence des grandes entreprises ont eu um impact négatif sur les syndicats et le marché du travail, entraînant chômage (même déguisé) et des relations de travails précaires.
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