Resumen
La reestructuración del capitalismo significó cambios profundos en el modo de operación de las empresas, en la integración de los mercados y en la esfera de la soberanía del Estado. La globalización económica ha intensificado la competencia entre empresas, trabajadores y naciones. El orden monetario internacional jerárquico, dirigido por el dólar, potencializó un tipo de desarrollo desigual y combinado. El objetivo de este artículo es estimular la reflexión sobre el capitalismo contemporáneo desde la óptica de la economía política. La dinámica de los flujos financieros y el aumento del stock de riqueza han tenido un impacto en la gestión macroeconómica, la creación de empleo y la distribución del ingreso en los países desarrollados. La desindustrialización temprana de las economías latinoamericanas y la industrialización constante de las economías asiáticas alteraron la división internacional del trabajo y diferenciaron la periferia capitalista. La financiarización de la riqueza y el empoderamiento del rentismo redujeron la participación de la mayoría de los gobiernos en pro del pleno empleo y la protección social. La difusión de las cadenas globales de valor y la redefinición del patrón de competencia por parte de las grandes corporaciones han afectado negativamente a los sindicatos y al mercado laboral, aumentando el desempleo (incluso disfrazado) y la precariedad de las relaciones laborales.
Citas
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