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Résumé
Dans les pays nordiques – Danemark, Finlande, Islande, Norvège et Suède – l'État a assumé un rôle plus important dans la satisfaction des besoins des personnes, remplaçant le marché et la famille dans la fourniture de biens et de services par la mobilisation de la politique économique et de la politique sociale. Ce processus a progressé après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, mais s'est essoufflé à partir des années 1970, en particulier après la crise financière de 2008 et la crise migratoire de 2015. Même si les pays nordiques restent dans une position beaucoup plus favorable que d'autres pays, la plus grande résistance à la mobilisation de la politique économique et de la politique sociale s'est traduite par une détérioration des conditions du marché du travail, y compris une augmentation des emplois avec des contrats de travail atypiques, une augmentation de ceux qui doivent recourir à plus d'un emploi, une détérioration des conditions de travail, un chômage plus élevé et une durée de chômage plus longue. Bien que tous les membres de la population active aient été touchés, les hommes, généralement jeunes, moins éduqués et les étrangers ont été les groupes plus affectés par ce processus.
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