Mots-clés
Austérité économique
Moyens de subsistance - Malawi
Comment citer
Résumé
Cet article traite de la mise en œuvre du programme d'ajustement structurel (PAS) au Malawi, en mettant l'accent sur son impact sur les moyens de subsistance des travailleurs et des pauvres. Le PAS a été imposé par la Banque Mondiale (BM) et le Fonds Monétaire International (FMI), à partir de 1981, pour redresser une économie en difficulté par des mesures d'austérité économique et pour promouvoir le développement durable. Cet article examine de manière critique les principaux effets à long terme du PAS, en se penchant en particulier sur les effets sur le taux de chômage, la baisse des salaires réels, le faible niveau de vie des Malawiens et l'insécurité alimentaire. L'analyse s'appuie sur les données du National Statistical Office pour la période 1981 à 2022 et sur une revue de la littérature sur les PAS au Malawi. Le article affirme que la mise en œuvre des PAS n'a ni protégé les salariés ni amélioré les conditions de vie des pauvres, mais a exacerbé la spirale descendante de l'économie et du niveau de vie des citoyens du Malawi. Et affirme que les orientations de la politique de développement ne doivent pas dissimuler les relations de pouvoir qui aggravent les maux sociaux et économiques, mais doivent être transparentes et orientées vers la résolution des problèmes économiques des pays en développement, la protection de la classe ouvrière et l'amélioration des conditions de vie des pauvres.
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