Palabras clave
Austeridad económica
Medios de subsistencia - Malawi
Cómo citar
Resumen
Este artículo analiza la aplicación del Programa de Ajuste Estructural (PAE) en Malawi, centrándose en sus repercusiones sobre los medios de subsistencia de la clase trabajadora y los pobres. El PAE fue impuesto por el Banco Mundial (BM) y el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI), a partir de 1981, para recuperar una economía en crisis mediante medidas de austeridad económica y promover el desarrollo sostenible. Este artículo analiza críticamente los principales efectos a largo plazo del PAE, examinando en particular los efectos sobre la tasa de desempleo, la caída de los salarios reales, el bajo nivel de vida de los malawianos y la inseguridad alimentaria. El análisis se basa en datos del National Statistical Office para el periodo comprendido entre 1981 y 2022 y en una revisión de la bibliografía sobre los PAE en Malawi. El artículo sostiene que la aplicación de los PAE no ha protegido a los asalariados ni ha mejorado las condiciones de vida de los pobres, sino que ha exacerbado la espiral descendente de la economía y el nivel de vida de los ciudadanos de Malawi. Y sostiene que las directrices de la política de desarrollo no deben ocultar las relaciones de poder que agravan los males sociales y económicos, sino que deben ser transparentes y orientarse a resolver los problemas económicos de los países en desarrollo, proteger a la clase trabajadora y mejorar las condiciones de vida de los pobres.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Chance Chagunda
