Mots-clés
Politique sociale
Stratégie de développement - Afrique
Comment citer
Résumé
Cet article traite des programmes d'ajustement structurel de la Banque mondiale et du Fonds Monétaire International en Afrique subsaharienne dans les années 1980 et 1990. La plupart des pays de cette région n'avaient pas d'autonomie en matière de gestion économique nationale et de processus de politique publique, mais ont acquiescé aux prescriptions d'austérité économique de l'institution financière internationale, qui étaient censées avoir ressuscité leurs économies. L'article cherche à donner un aperçu de la manière dont les agences financières multilatérales ont engagé les gouvernements nationaux, non pas comme des partenaires dans une relation contractuelle, mais comme des acteurs serviles. Cette situation n'a pas été mutuellement bénéfique pour les deux parties, car les interventions dans les économies locales par le biais d'injections financières n'ont pas permis de faciliter le remboursement des prêts par les gouvernements d'Afrique subsaharienne. Cependant, les conditionnalités liées aux prêts ont entraîné l'érosion des politiques sociales et des droits sociaux en Afrique subsaharienne au cours de ladite période. Au lieu de soutenir les économies des pays de la région, ces programmes ont contribué à les affaiblir, voire à les faire imploser, et à éroder les acquis de la politique sociale obtenus au cours de la décennie d'indépendance dans cette région. L'argument principal de cet article est que les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne doivent renforcer leurs institutions et leurs mécanismes d'élaboration des politiques et ne pas commettre les mêmes erreurs qu'à l'époque, s'ils veulent se développer et être prospères au cours de ce siècle.
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