Palabras clave
Política social
Estrategia de desarrollo - África
Cómo citar
Resumen
El artículo analiza los Programas de Ajuste Estructural del Banco Mundial y el Fondo Monetario Internacional en el África Subsahariana en las décadas de 1980 y 1990. La mayoría de los países de esta región carecían de autonomía con respecto a la gestión económica nacional y los procesos de política pública, y aceptaron las prescripciones de austeridad económica de la institución financiera internacional, que supuestamente deberían haber resucitado sus economías. El artículo aporta ideas sobre cómo los organismos financieros multilaterales se relacionaron con los gobiernos nacionales, no como socios en una relación contractual, sino como actores serviles. Esta situación no era mutuamente beneficiosa para ambas partes, ya que las intervenciones en las economías locales a través de inyecciones financieras no habían facilitado el reembolso de los préstamos por parte de los gobiernos del África Subsahariana. Sin embargo, las condicionalidades ligadas a los préstamos dieron lugar a la erosión de las políticas sociales y los derechos sociales en el África Subsahariana en dicho periodo. En lugar de apuntalar las economías de los países de la región, los Programas han contribuido a debilitarlas o incluso a hacerlas implosionar, y también han erosionado los logros de la política social que se alcanzaron en la década de la independencia en esta región. El principal argumento del artículo es que los países del África Subsahariana deben reforzar sus instituciones y mecanismos de elaboración de políticas, y no cometer los mismos errores que cometieron durante ese periodo, si quieren desarrollarse y ser prósperos en este siglo.
Citas
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