Résumé
Le marché du travail chinois a profondément change après la crise financière internationale de 2008: le processus d'intégration au marché du travail a segmenté les travailleurs migrants; pénuries de main-d'œuvre globales contrastant avec le grave chômage des jeunes; la croissance rapide des salaires a entraîné une plus grande inégalité dans la répartition des revenus; la lente augmentation de la population en âge de travailler ne compense plus, entre autres, le bonus démographique en baisse. Parallèlement à ces changements, il y a eu des conflits de travail qui ont eu tendance à être politisés depuis 2010. Les travailleurs migrants ont un fort potentiel pour diriger le mouvement syndical actuel et son rôle de pionnier. En bref, ces transformations constituent des réponses en grande partie passives aux changements de contextes économiques et sont motivées par des politiques volontaristes du marché du travail. Cet article, à travers de multiples analyses du marché du travail, suit la réponse des travailleurs et expose la stratégie de l'État pour la transformation du marché du travail basée sur une idéologie ordolibérale.
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