Abstract
The essay brings a wide-ranging reflection, in methodological and historical terms, on socioeconomic inequalities in Brazil. The intention is to explore the implications of past and present transformations in the structural and secular state of inequalities prevalent in society, as well as the challenges and potential opportunities that present themselves for the country in the future. The pandemic highlighted the structural condition of inequalities and showed that overcoming them, in addition to being an unavoidable necessity, must be treated as a central pillar of the strategy to face the socioeconomic impacts of the coronavirus crisis. The conclusion is that in contexts of crisis as profound as this, opportunities arise. The challenge is to recognize the need to transition to a new pattern of production and consumption, aimed at reducing inequalities through the active presence of the State, in order to reach a society where collective interests prevail, moving towards an environmentally sustainable economy.
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