Resumo
Os economistas do mainstream têm procurado, ao longo do tempo, explicar e justificar a existência do desemprego. Este artigo tem o objetivo de esclarecer as principais proposições teóricas apresentadas pela corrente dominante, começando pelo debate entre Pigou e Keynes sobre a possibilidade do desemprego involuntário. Em seguida, a discussão é direcionada para a relação entre o desemprego e a inflação, e para a reformulação da ideia de uma taxa natural de desemprego. A análise passa a destacar, então, a importância da taxa de desemprego para a definição da política macroeconômica, explicitando o dilema entre a garantia da estabilidade monetária e a promoção do pleno emprego.
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