Palavras-chave
Comédia nova
Antiguidade
Mulheres
Violência sexual
Violencia sexual
Antiguidade
Mulheres
Violência sexual
Violencia sexual
Como Citar
JAMES, Sharon L. A Comédia Antiga e a vida das mulheres: encontrando a história social e vendo o presente na Comédia Clássica. Phaos: Revista de Estudos Clássicos, Campinas, SP, v. 19, p. e019009, 2020. Disponível em: https://econtents.bc.unicamp.br/inpec/index.php/phaos/article/view/13540. Acesso em: 19 abr. 2024.
Resumo
A Comédia Antiga grega e a Comédia Nova romana mostram muito das vidas de mulheres de todas as classes sociais. Essas peças regularmente manifestam uma preocupação social generalizada com a segurança de garotas cidadãs, e mostram o quão amadas essas garotas são pelas suas famílias. Elas mostram a crueldade casual com a qual mulheres escravas são tratadas,
e também mostram a forma como essas mulheres resistem a abusos e se apoiam mutuamente. Elas mostram mulheres de todas as classes socialmente integradas em suas comunidades. Elas também mostram abusos sexuais e estupros, além de uma atitude masculina de apropriação em relação às mulheres que remete ao Canto 1 da Ilíada, e que existe até hoje: o status de um homem entre os homens é comprovado por meio da posse de uma mulher, e seu direito de possuí-la é exercido com violência. A Comédia Nova mostra mulheres comuns gerenciando suas vidas o melhor que podem. Os estudantes modernos encontram muita coisa que lhes é familiar nessas peças, particularmente em relação à representação da violência sexual.
Referências
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ANDREWS, N. Tragic Re-Presentation and the Semantics of Space in Plautus’ Casina. Mnemosyne, n. 57, 2004, p. 445–464.
BOUSTANY, N. Janjaweed Using Rape as ‘Integral’ Weapon in Darfur, Aid Group Says. 2007. Disponível em: <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/02/AR2007070201627.html>.
COHEN, D. Law, Sexuality, and Society: The Enforcement of Morals in Classical Athens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
COETZEE, J. M. Stranger Shores: Literary Essays 1986–1999. New York: Viking, 2001.
DOUGHERTY, C. Sowing the Seeds of Violence: Rape, Women, and the Land. In: WYKE, M. (ed.). Parchments of Gender: Deciphering the Body in Antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 267-284.
DRAKULIC, S. Mass Rape in Bosnia: Women Hide Behind a Wall of Silence. The Nation 256, n. 8, 1993, p. 268–272.
FONTAINE, M. Funny Words in Plautine Comedy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
GETTLEMAN, J. Gettleman, Jeffrey. Sudan Said to Revive Notorious Militias. 2014. Disponível em: <http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/25/world/africa/sudan-darfur-janjaweed-militia-khartoum.html>.
HENRY, M.; JAMES, Sharon L. Woman, City, State: Theories and Concepts in the Archaic and Classical Periods. In: JAMES, Sharon L.; DILLON, S. (ed.). A Companion to Women in the Ancient World. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012, p. 84-95.
HOMERO. Ilíada. Tradução de LOURENÇO, F. São Paulo: Penguin Classics Companhia das Letras, 2013.
JAMES, Sharon L. Women in New Comedy. (no prelo).
JAMES, Sharon L. "Sons and Daughters, Love and Marriage: On the Plots and Priorities of Roman Comedy." Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Classical Association of the Middle West and South, Boulder, CO, March 2015.
JAMES, Sharon L. Reconsidering Rape in Menander’s Comedy and Athenian Life: Modern Comparative Evidence. In: SOMMERSTEIN, A. (ed.). Menander in Contexts. New York: Routledge, 2014, p. 24-39. 2014
JAMES, Sharon L. Elegy and Comedy. In: GOLD, Barbara K. (ed.). A Companion to Roman Love Elegy. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012, p. 253-268.
JAMES, Sharon L. A Courtesan’s Choreography: Female Liberty and Male Anxiety at the Roman Dinner Party. In: FARAONE, C.; MCCLURE, L. (ed.). Prostitutes and Courtesans in the Ancient World. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2006, p. 224-262.
JAMES, Sharon L. Learned Girls and Male Persuasion: Gender and Reading in Roman Love Elegy. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.
JAMES, Sharon L. Introduction: Constructions of Gender and Genre in Roman Comedy and Elegy. Helios, n. 25, 1998a, p. 3–16.
JAMES, Sharon L. From Boys to Men: Rape and Developing Masculinity in Terence’s Hecyra and Eunuchus. Helios, n. 25, 1998b, p. 31–47.
LAPE, S. Reproducing Athens: Menander’s Comedy, Democratic Culture, and the Hellenistic City. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004.
LEFKOWITZ, M.; FANT, Maureen B. Women’s Life in Greece and Rome: A Source Book in Translation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005.
MARSHALL, C. W. Sex Slaves in New Comedy. In: AKRIGG, B.; TORDOFF, R. (ed.). Slaves and Slavery in Ancient Greek Comic Drama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013, p. 173-96.
MASI, A. ISIS Rapes, Tortures, Marries Captured Yazidi Women As Young As 13: State Department Report. 2014. Disponível em: <http://www.ibtimes.com/isis-rapes-tortures-marries-captured-yazidi-women-young-13-state-department-report-1687394>.
MEINECK, P. The Neuroscience of the Tragic Mask. Arion, n. 19, 2011, p. 113–158.
NOSSITER, A. Boko Haram Militants Raped Hundreds of Female Captives in Nigeria. 2015. Disponível em: <https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/19/world/africa/boko-haram-militants-raped-hundreds-of-female-captives-in-nigeria.html>.
POMEROY, S. Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity. New York: Schocken, 1975.
RICHLIN, A. Plautine Theater as Slave Theater. (no prelo).
RODGER, E. My Twisted World: The Story of Elliot Rodger. Publicado na internet. 2014
SAUL, H. Yazidi Sex Slaves Reveal Isis Militants Picked Who to Rape in Twisted ‘Lottery’ in Distressing Accounts. 2015. Disponível em: <http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/yazidi-sex-slaves-reveal-isis-militants-picked-who-to-rape-in-twisted-lottery-in-distressing-accounts-10178272.html>.
SCODEL, R. The Captive’s Dilemma: Sexual Acquiescence in Euripides Hecuba and Troades. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, n. 98, 1998, p. 137–54.
SCHEMM, P. Amina Filali, Morocco Rape Victim, Commits Suicide After Forced Marriage to Rapist. 2012. Disponível em: <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/14/amina-filali-morocco-rape_n_1345171.html>.
SINGH, B. Girl Stands up to Elders, Refuses to Marry ‘Rapist’. 2015. Disponível em: <http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Girl-stands-up-to-elders-refuses-to-marry-rapist/articleshow/46695789.cms>.
SODINI, G. Full text of gym killer’s blog. 2009. Disponível em: <http://nypost.com/2009/08/05/full-text-of-gym-killers-blog/>.
WATSON, I. ‘Treated like cattle’: Yazidi Women Sold, Raped, Enslaved by ISIS. 2014. Disponível em: <http://edition.cnn.com/2014/10/30/world/meast/isis-female-slaves/index.html>.
WAX, E. ‘We Want to Make a Light Baby’: Arab Militiamen in Sudan Said to Use Rape as Weapon of Ethnic Cleansing. 2004. Disponível em: <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A16001-2004Jun29.html>.
ANDREWS, N. Tragic Re-Presentation and the Semantics of Space in Plautus’ Casina. Mnemosyne, n. 57, 2004, p. 445–464.
BOUSTANY, N. Janjaweed Using Rape as ‘Integral’ Weapon in Darfur, Aid Group Says. 2007. Disponível em: <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/02/AR2007070201627.html>.
COHEN, D. Law, Sexuality, and Society: The Enforcement of Morals in Classical Athens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
COETZEE, J. M. Stranger Shores: Literary Essays 1986–1999. New York: Viking, 2001.
DOUGHERTY, C. Sowing the Seeds of Violence: Rape, Women, and the Land. In: WYKE, M. (ed.). Parchments of Gender: Deciphering the Body in Antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 267-284.
DRAKULIC, S. Mass Rape in Bosnia: Women Hide Behind a Wall of Silence. The Nation 256, n. 8, 1993, p. 268–272.
FONTAINE, M. Funny Words in Plautine Comedy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
GETTLEMAN, J. Gettleman, Jeffrey. Sudan Said to Revive Notorious Militias. 2014. Disponível em: <http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/25/world/africa/sudan-darfur-janjaweed-militia-khartoum.html>.
HENRY, M.; JAMES, Sharon L. Woman, City, State: Theories and Concepts in the Archaic and Classical Periods. In: JAMES, Sharon L.; DILLON, S. (ed.). A Companion to Women in the Ancient World. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012, p. 84-95.
HOMERO. Ilíada. Tradução de LOURENÇO, F. São Paulo: Penguin Classics Companhia das Letras, 2013.
JAMES, Sharon L. Women in New Comedy. (no prelo).
JAMES, Sharon L. "Sons and Daughters, Love and Marriage: On the Plots and Priorities of Roman Comedy." Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Classical Association of the Middle West and South, Boulder, CO, March 2015.
JAMES, Sharon L. Reconsidering Rape in Menander’s Comedy and Athenian Life: Modern Comparative Evidence. In: SOMMERSTEIN, A. (ed.). Menander in Contexts. New York: Routledge, 2014, p. 24-39. 2014
JAMES, Sharon L. Elegy and Comedy. In: GOLD, Barbara K. (ed.). A Companion to Roman Love Elegy. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012, p. 253-268.
JAMES, Sharon L. A Courtesan’s Choreography: Female Liberty and Male Anxiety at the Roman Dinner Party. In: FARAONE, C.; MCCLURE, L. (ed.). Prostitutes and Courtesans in the Ancient World. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2006, p. 224-262.
JAMES, Sharon L. Learned Girls and Male Persuasion: Gender and Reading in Roman Love Elegy. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.
JAMES, Sharon L. Introduction: Constructions of Gender and Genre in Roman Comedy and Elegy. Helios, n. 25, 1998a, p. 3–16.
JAMES, Sharon L. From Boys to Men: Rape and Developing Masculinity in Terence’s Hecyra and Eunuchus. Helios, n. 25, 1998b, p. 31–47.
LAPE, S. Reproducing Athens: Menander’s Comedy, Democratic Culture, and the Hellenistic City. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004.
LEFKOWITZ, M.; FANT, Maureen B. Women’s Life in Greece and Rome: A Source Book in Translation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005.
MARSHALL, C. W. Sex Slaves in New Comedy. In: AKRIGG, B.; TORDOFF, R. (ed.). Slaves and Slavery in Ancient Greek Comic Drama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013, p. 173-96.
MASI, A. ISIS Rapes, Tortures, Marries Captured Yazidi Women As Young As 13: State Department Report. 2014. Disponível em: <http://www.ibtimes.com/isis-rapes-tortures-marries-captured-yazidi-women-young-13-state-department-report-1687394>.
MEINECK, P. The Neuroscience of the Tragic Mask. Arion, n. 19, 2011, p. 113–158.
NOSSITER, A. Boko Haram Militants Raped Hundreds of Female Captives in Nigeria. 2015. Disponível em: <https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/19/world/africa/boko-haram-militants-raped-hundreds-of-female-captives-in-nigeria.html>.
POMEROY, S. Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity. New York: Schocken, 1975.
RICHLIN, A. Plautine Theater as Slave Theater. (no prelo).
RODGER, E. My Twisted World: The Story of Elliot Rodger. Publicado na internet. 2014
SAUL, H. Yazidi Sex Slaves Reveal Isis Militants Picked Who to Rape in Twisted ‘Lottery’ in Distressing Accounts. 2015. Disponível em: <http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/yazidi-sex-slaves-reveal-isis-militants-picked-who-to-rape-in-twisted-lottery-in-distressing-accounts-10178272.html>.
SCODEL, R. The Captive’s Dilemma: Sexual Acquiescence in Euripides Hecuba and Troades. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, n. 98, 1998, p. 137–54.
SCHEMM, P. Amina Filali, Morocco Rape Victim, Commits Suicide After Forced Marriage to Rapist. 2012. Disponível em: <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/14/amina-filali-morocco-rape_n_1345171.html>.
SINGH, B. Girl Stands up to Elders, Refuses to Marry ‘Rapist’. 2015. Disponível em: <http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Girl-stands-up-to-elders-refuses-to-marry-rapist/articleshow/46695789.cms>.
SODINI, G. Full text of gym killer’s blog. 2009. Disponível em: <http://nypost.com/2009/08/05/full-text-of-gym-killers-blog/>.
WATSON, I. ‘Treated like cattle’: Yazidi Women Sold, Raped, Enslaved by ISIS. 2014. Disponível em: <http://edition.cnn.com/2014/10/30/world/meast/isis-female-slaves/index.html>.
WAX, E. ‘We Want to Make a Light Baby’: Arab Militiamen in Sudan Said to Use Rape as Weapon of Ethnic Cleansing. 2004. Disponível em: <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A16001-2004Jun29.html>.
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