Keywords
New comedy
Antiquity
Women
Sexual violence
Antiquity
Women
Sexual violence
How to Cite
JAMES, Sharon L. The Old Comedy and the lives of women: finding social history and seeing the present in Classic Comedy. PhaoS - Revista de Estudos Clássicos, Campinas, SP, v. 19, p. e019009, 2020. Disponível em: https://econtents.bc.unicamp.br/inpec/index.php/phaos/article/view/13540. Acesso em: 16 jul. 2024.
Abstract
Ancient Greek and Roman New Comedy shows much about the lives of women in all social classes. These plays regularly manifest widespread social concern about the safety of citizen daughters, and show how beloved those girls are in their families. They show the casual cruelty visited upon enslaved women, and the way those women withstand abuse and support each other. They show women of all classes socially integrated in their neighborhoods. They also show sexual abuse and rape, and a male attitude of ownership toward women that dates back to Iliad Book 1, still in existence today: a man’s status among men is proven by possession of a woman, and his right to possess her is exercised with violence. New Comedy shows average women managing their lives as best they can. Modern students find much that is familiar to them in these plays, particularly in their depiction of sexual violence.
References
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HOMERO. Ilíada. Tradução de LOURENÇO, F. São Paulo: Penguin Classics Companhia das Letras, 2013.
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JAMES, Sharon L. "Sons and Daughters, Love and Marriage: On the Plots and Priorities of Roman Comedy." Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Classical Association of the Middle West and South, Boulder, CO, March 2015.
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JAMES, Sharon L. Elegy and Comedy. In: GOLD, Barbara K. (ed.). A Companion to Roman Love Elegy. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012, p. 253-268.
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JAMES, Sharon L. From Boys to Men: Rape and Developing Masculinity in Terence’s Hecyra and Eunuchus. Helios, n. 25, 1998b, p. 31–47.
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LEFKOWITZ, M.; FANT, Maureen B. Women’s Life in Greece and Rome: A Source Book in Translation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005.
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SCODEL, R. The Captive’s Dilemma: Sexual Acquiescence in Euripides Hecuba and Troades. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, n. 98, 1998, p. 137–54.
SCHEMM, P. Amina Filali, Morocco Rape Victim, Commits Suicide After Forced Marriage to Rapist. 2012. Disponível em: <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/14/amina-filali-morocco-rape_n_1345171.html>.
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ANDREWS, N. Tragic Re-Presentation and the Semantics of Space in Plautus’ Casina. Mnemosyne, n. 57, 2004, p. 445–464.
BOUSTANY, N. Janjaweed Using Rape as ‘Integral’ Weapon in Darfur, Aid Group Says. 2007. Disponível em: <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/02/AR2007070201627.html>.
COHEN, D. Law, Sexuality, and Society: The Enforcement of Morals in Classical Athens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
COETZEE, J. M. Stranger Shores: Literary Essays 1986–1999. New York: Viking, 2001.
DOUGHERTY, C. Sowing the Seeds of Violence: Rape, Women, and the Land. In: WYKE, M. (ed.). Parchments of Gender: Deciphering the Body in Antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 267-284.
DRAKULIC, S. Mass Rape in Bosnia: Women Hide Behind a Wall of Silence. The Nation 256, n. 8, 1993, p. 268–272.
FONTAINE, M. Funny Words in Plautine Comedy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
GETTLEMAN, J. Gettleman, Jeffrey. Sudan Said to Revive Notorious Militias. 2014. Disponível em: <http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/25/world/africa/sudan-darfur-janjaweed-militia-khartoum.html>.
HENRY, M.; JAMES, Sharon L. Woman, City, State: Theories and Concepts in the Archaic and Classical Periods. In: JAMES, Sharon L.; DILLON, S. (ed.). A Companion to Women in the Ancient World. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012, p. 84-95.
HOMERO. Ilíada. Tradução de LOURENÇO, F. São Paulo: Penguin Classics Companhia das Letras, 2013.
JAMES, Sharon L. Women in New Comedy. (no prelo).
JAMES, Sharon L. "Sons and Daughters, Love and Marriage: On the Plots and Priorities of Roman Comedy." Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Classical Association of the Middle West and South, Boulder, CO, March 2015.
JAMES, Sharon L. Reconsidering Rape in Menander’s Comedy and Athenian Life: Modern Comparative Evidence. In: SOMMERSTEIN, A. (ed.). Menander in Contexts. New York: Routledge, 2014, p. 24-39. 2014
JAMES, Sharon L. Elegy and Comedy. In: GOLD, Barbara K. (ed.). A Companion to Roman Love Elegy. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012, p. 253-268.
JAMES, Sharon L. A Courtesan’s Choreography: Female Liberty and Male Anxiety at the Roman Dinner Party. In: FARAONE, C.; MCCLURE, L. (ed.). Prostitutes and Courtesans in the Ancient World. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2006, p. 224-262.
JAMES, Sharon L. Learned Girls and Male Persuasion: Gender and Reading in Roman Love Elegy. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.
JAMES, Sharon L. Introduction: Constructions of Gender and Genre in Roman Comedy and Elegy. Helios, n. 25, 1998a, p. 3–16.
JAMES, Sharon L. From Boys to Men: Rape and Developing Masculinity in Terence’s Hecyra and Eunuchus. Helios, n. 25, 1998b, p. 31–47.
LAPE, S. Reproducing Athens: Menander’s Comedy, Democratic Culture, and the Hellenistic City. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004.
LEFKOWITZ, M.; FANT, Maureen B. Women’s Life in Greece and Rome: A Source Book in Translation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005.
MARSHALL, C. W. Sex Slaves in New Comedy. In: AKRIGG, B.; TORDOFF, R. (ed.). Slaves and Slavery in Ancient Greek Comic Drama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013, p. 173-96.
MASI, A. ISIS Rapes, Tortures, Marries Captured Yazidi Women As Young As 13: State Department Report. 2014. Disponível em: <http://www.ibtimes.com/isis-rapes-tortures-marries-captured-yazidi-women-young-13-state-department-report-1687394>.
MEINECK, P. The Neuroscience of the Tragic Mask. Arion, n. 19, 2011, p. 113–158.
NOSSITER, A. Boko Haram Militants Raped Hundreds of Female Captives in Nigeria. 2015. Disponível em: <https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/19/world/africa/boko-haram-militants-raped-hundreds-of-female-captives-in-nigeria.html>.
POMEROY, S. Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity. New York: Schocken, 1975.
RICHLIN, A. Plautine Theater as Slave Theater. (no prelo).
RODGER, E. My Twisted World: The Story of Elliot Rodger. Publicado na internet. 2014
SAUL, H. Yazidi Sex Slaves Reveal Isis Militants Picked Who to Rape in Twisted ‘Lottery’ in Distressing Accounts. 2015. Disponível em: <http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/yazidi-sex-slaves-reveal-isis-militants-picked-who-to-rape-in-twisted-lottery-in-distressing-accounts-10178272.html>.
SCODEL, R. The Captive’s Dilemma: Sexual Acquiescence in Euripides Hecuba and Troades. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, n. 98, 1998, p. 137–54.
SCHEMM, P. Amina Filali, Morocco Rape Victim, Commits Suicide After Forced Marriage to Rapist. 2012. Disponível em: <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/14/amina-filali-morocco-rape_n_1345171.html>.
SINGH, B. Girl Stands up to Elders, Refuses to Marry ‘Rapist’. 2015. Disponível em: <http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Girl-stands-up-to-elders-refuses-to-marry-rapist/articleshow/46695789.cms>.
SODINI, G. Full text of gym killer’s blog. 2009. Disponível em: <http://nypost.com/2009/08/05/full-text-of-gym-killers-blog/>.
WATSON, I. ‘Treated like cattle’: Yazidi Women Sold, Raped, Enslaved by ISIS. 2014. Disponível em: <http://edition.cnn.com/2014/10/30/world/meast/isis-female-slaves/index.html>.
WAX, E. ‘We Want to Make a Light Baby’: Arab Militiamen in Sudan Said to Use Rape as Weapon of Ethnic Cleansing. 2004. Disponível em: <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A16001-2004Jun29.html>.
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