Banner Portal
Quantitative analysis of fundamental frequency in Spanish (L2) and Brazilian Portuguese (L1)
PDF

Keywords

Bilingualism
Intonation
Spanish L2
Language attrition
Brazilian portuguese L1

How to Cite

1.
Silva CC, Arantes P. Quantitative analysis of fundamental frequency in Spanish (L2) and Brazilian Portuguese (L1): evidence of learning and language attrition. J. of Speech Sci. [Internet]. 2021 Dec. 8 [cited 2024 Mar. 29];10(00):e021003. Available from: https://econtents.bc.unicamp.br/inpec/index.php/joss/article/view/15779

Abstract

This paper analyzes the intonation of Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese (BP) produced by monolingual speakers of both languages and bilingual BP speakers that lived in Spain on average for 6 years. Bilinguals produced data in both Spanish L2 (BL2) and BP L1 (BL1). Speech materials are sentences in different modalities (declaratives, yes-no and wh-questions) and reading styles (isolated sentences and storytelling). Fundamental frequency (f0) contours were analyzed to assess learning in Spanish L2 and language attrition in the L1 production of bilinguals. Variability in the f0 contours of the four language conditions was gauged by means of three indices (peak rate, peak range and global standard deviation). Dynamic time warping (DTW) distances between pairs of f0 contours were also measured as a way to measure within- and between-language differences in intonation patterns. The main results are: 1) BL2 and BL1 contours are significantly more variable than the monolingual ones both quantitatively and qualitatively; 2) BL2 contours partially converge towards the patterns of Spanish monolinguals, showing that there is learning; 3) there is evidence for language attrition in the form of transfer of Spanish patterns to BP contours produced by bilinguals; 4) Learning and attrition levels are different depending on sentence modality, such that learning is greater in modalities that differ less between BP and Spanish and attrition is greater in modalities that differ the most.

https://doi.org/10.20396/joss.v10i00.15779
PDF

References

Xu Y. Speech melody as articulatorily implemented communicative functions. Speech Commun. 2005; 46:220–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2005.02.014.

Prom-on S, Xu Y, Thipakorn B. Modeling tone and intonation in Mandarin and English as a process of target approximation. J Acoust Soc Am. 2009 Jan;125(1):405–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3037222.

Xu, Yi. Timing and coordination in tone and intonation — An articulatory-functional perspective. Lingua. 2009; 119:906–27.

Liu F, Xu Y, Prom-on S, Yu, Alan. Morpheme-like prosodic functions: Evidence from acoustic analysis and computational modeling. J Speech Sci. 2013;3(1):85–140.

Xu Y, Prom-on S. Toward invariant functional representations of variable surface fundamental frequency contours: Synthesizing speech melody via model-based stochastic learning. Speech Commun. 2014 Feb;5 7:181–208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2013.09.013.

Navarro Tomás T. Manual de pronunciación española. 27th ed. Madrid: Editorial Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; 1999.

Sosa JM. La entonación del español. Madrid: Cátedra; 1999.

Quilis A, Fernández J. Curso de Fonética y Fonología Españolas. 18th ed. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; 2003.

Face T. F0 Peak Height and the Perception of Sentence Type in Castilian Spanish. Rev Int Lingüíst Iberoam. 2005;3(2(6)):49–65.

Estebas-Vilaplanas E, Prieto P. Castillan Spanish Intonation. In: Roseano, Paolo, editor. Transcription of Intonation of the Spanish Language. München: Lincom; 2010. p. 17–48.

Henriksen N. Wh-question intonation in Peninsular Spanish: Multiple contours and the effect of task type. J Port Linguist. 2009;8(1):45–73.

Moraes JA. Intonation in Brazilian Portuguese. In: Hirst D, Di Cristo A, editors. Intonation Systems: a Survey of Twenty Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1998. p. 179–94.

Moraes JA. The Pitch Accents in Brazilian Portuguese: analysis by synthesis. In: Barbosa P, Madureira S, editors. Speech Prosody. Campinas; 2008. p. 389–97.

Tenani L. Domínios Prosódicos no Português do Brasil: Implicações para a Prosódia e para Aplicação de Processos Fonológicos. [Thesis]. [Campinas]: Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2002.

Lucente L. Aspectos dinâmicos da fala e da entoação do português brasileiro [Dissertation]. [Campinas]: Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2008.

Lucente L. DaTo : um sistema de notação entoacional para o português brasileiro baseado em princípios dinâmicos. Ênfase no foco e na fala espontânea [Thesis]. [Campinas]: Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2012.

Truckenbrodt H, Sandalo F, Abaurre MB. Elements of Brazilian Portuguese intonation. J Port Linguist. 2008;8(1):77–115.

Frota S, Moraes JA. Intonation in European and Brazilian Portuguese. In: Wetzels L, Costa J, Menuzzi S, editors. The Handbook of Portuguese Linguistics. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell; 2016. p. 141–66.

Sá PCF. Análise entonacional de enunciados assertivos, continuativos e interrogativos lidos em piadas espanhol/LE e espanhol/LM [Dissertation]. [Rio de Janeiro]: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; 2008.

Pinto M. Transferências prosódicas do português do Brasil/LM na aprendizagem do espanhol/LE: enunciados assertivos e interrogativos totais [Thesis]. [Rio de Janeiro]: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; 2009.

Rebollo L, Silva C, Pinho JR, Pinto M. Formulação de pedidos na aprendizagem de Espanhol/LE e transferências prosódicas por parte de falantes de português do Brasil. In: I CIPLOM Congresso Internacional de Professores de Línguas Oficiais do MERCOSUL and I Encontro Internacional de Associações de Professores de Línguas Oficiais do MERCOSUL Línguas, sistemas escolares e integração regional. Foz do Iguaçu; 2010. p. 580–8.

Silva C, Rebollo L, Pinto M. Pedidos de informação e pedidos de ação em Português do Brasil, fala carioca e em espanhol europeu, fala madrilena: variantes ou padrões entonacionais distintos? In: III Colóquio Brasileiro de Prosódia da Fala. Belo Horizonte; 2011.

Oliveira AF. Caracterización de la entonación del español hablado por brasileños [Thesis]. [Barcelona]: Universitat de Barcelona; 2013.

Dias ECO. Declarativas e interrogativas totais no espanhol L1 e L2 falado em Bogotá: uma contribuição para estudos prosódicos [Thesis]. [Florianópolis]: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; 2015.

Renato AC. Estudio exploratorio fonético-acústico de la transferencia prosódica del portugués de Brasil en el español/LE. In: Alves UK, editor. Aquisição Fonético-Fonológica de Língua Estrangeira - Investigações Rio-Grandenses e Argentinas em Discussão. Campinas: Pontes; 2016. p. 365–92.

Silva CC. Análise fonético-experimental da entoação de declarativas e interrogativas em espanhol/LE. [Thesis]: Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2016.

Baralo M. La adquisición del español como lengua extranjera. 3rd ed. Madrid: Arco Libros; 2011.

Cantero Serena FJ. Teoría y análisis de la entonación. Barcelona: Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona; 2002.

de Leeuw E, Mennen I, Scobbie JM. Singing a different tune in your native language: first language attrition of prosody. Int J Biling. 2012 Mar;16(1):101–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006911405576.

Chang CB. Phonetic drift. In: Schmid MS, Köpke B, editors. The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2019. p. 191–203.

Schmid M, Kökpke B. Introduction. In: Schmid M, Kökpke B, editors. The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2019. p. 1–6.

Schmid M, de Leeuw E. Introduction to Linguistic Factors in Language Attrition. In: Schmid M, Kökpke B, editors. The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2019. p. 181–91.

Kupske F. Atrito Linguístico. In: Kupske F, Alves UK, Lima Jr. R, editors. Investigando os sons de línguas não nativas: uma introdução. Campinas: Editora da Abralin; 2021. p. 99–128. DOI: 10.25189/9788568990117.

Schereschewsky LC, Alves UK, Kupske FF. Atrito linguístico em plosivas em início de palavra: dados de bilíngues e trilíngues. Rev Linguística. 2019;15(2):10–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31513/linguistica.2019.v15n2a21353.

Flege JE. The production of “new” and “similar” phones in a foreign language: evidence for the effect of equivalence classification. J Phon. 1987;15:47–65.

Major RC. Losing English as a First Language. Mod Lang J. 1992;76(ii):190–208.

Chang CB. Rapid and multifaceted effects of second-language learning on first-language speech production. J Phon. 2012;40:249–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2011.10.007.

Chang CB. A novelty effect in phonetic drift of the native language. J Phon. 2013;41:520–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2013.09.006.

Kupske F. Imigração, atrito e complexidade: a produção das oclusivas surdas iniciais do inglês e do português por sul-brasileiros residentes em Londres. [Thesis]. [Porto Alegre]: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; 2016.

Cohen GV. The VOT Dimension: a bi-directional experiment with English and Brazilian-Portuguese stops. [Dissertation]. [Florianópolis]: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; 2004.

Lord G. Second Language Acquisition and First Language Phonological Modification. In: Selected Proceedings of the 10th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium. 2008. p. 184–93.

De los Santos B da R. A produção da vogal átona final /e/ por porto-alegrenses aprendizes de espanhol como segunda língua (L2): uma investigação sobre atrito linguístico em ambiente de L2 não-dominante. [Dissertation]. [Porto Alegre]: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; 2017.

De los Santos B da R. Explorando a possibilidade de atrito linguístico: uma análise acústica da produção da vogal átona final /e/ na variedade Porto-Alegrense do Português Brasileiro. Rev Bras Fonologia Laboratório. 2018;3(1):14–41.

Schereschewsky LC, Alves UK, Kupske FF. First language attrition: the effects of English (L2) on Brazilian Portuguese VOT patterns in an L1-dominant environment. Rev Digit Programa Pós-grad Em Let PUCRS. 2017;10(2):700–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-4301.2017.2.26365.

Osborne DM, Simonet M. Foreign-language phonetic development leads to first-language phonetic drift: plosive consonants in native Portuguese speakers learning English as a foreign language in Brazil. Languages. 2021;6:1–26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6030112.

Mennen I. Bi-directional interference in the intonation of Dutch speakers of Greek. J Phon. 2004;32:543–63.

Pierrehumbert J. The phonology and phonetics of English intonation [Thesis]. [Cambridge]: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 1980.

Ladd, Robert. Intonational Phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2008.

Sakoe H, Chiba S. Dynamic programming algorithm optimization for spoken word recognition. Acoust Speech Signal Process. 1978;26(1):43–9.

Salvador S, Chan P. Fast DTW: towards accurate dynamic time warping in linear time and space. In: KDD workshop on mining temporal and sequential data. Seatlle; 2004. p. 70–80.

Müller M. Information retrieval for music and motion. Berlin: Springer; 2007.

Senin P. Dynamic Time Warping Algorithm Review [Internet]. University of Hawaii at Manoa; 2008 p. 1–23. Available from: http://seninp.github.io/assets/pubs/senin_dtw_litreview_2008.pdf

Giorgino T. Computing and Visualizing Dynamic Time Warping Alignment in R The dtw Package. J Stat Softw. 2009;31(7):1–24.

Morales-Cordovilla J, Cabañas-Molero P, Peinado A, Sánchez V. A Robust Pitch Extractor Based on DTW lines and CASA with Application in Noisy Speech Recognition. In: Advances in Speech and Language Technologies for Iberian Languages [Internet]. Madrid; 2012. p. 1–10. Available from: http://www.ugr.es/~jamc/Files/Morales12_DTWPitch.pdf

Lleó C. The acquisition of prosodic word structures in Spanish by monolingual and Spanish-German bilingual children. Lang Speech. 2006;49(2):205–29.

Flege JE, Bohn O-S. The Revised Speech Learning Model (SLM-r). In: Wayland R, editor. Second Language Speech Learning [Internet]. 1st ed. Cambridge University Press; 2021 [cited 2021 Apr 8]. p. 3–83. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781108886901%23CN-bp-1/type/book_part

Boersma P, Weenink D. Praat: doing phonetics by computer [Computer program] [Internet]. 2021. Available from: http://www.praat.org/

Sánchez Aguilar A. Don Quijote Adaptación, notas y actividades. Barcelona: Vicens Vives; 2004.

Arantes P. better_f0: A Praat script for better f0 extraction [Internet]. Zenodo; 2019 [cited 2021 Mar 4]. Available from: https://zenodo.org/record/3470108

De Looze C, Hirst D. Integrating changes of register into automatic intonation analysis. In: Speech Prosody. Chicago; 2010. p. 1–4.

Arantes P. parantes/f0-outliers: Version 1.0 [Internet]. Zenodo; 2021 [cited 2021 Jul 8]. Available from: https://zenodo.org/record/5083453

Arantes P. Parantes/F0-Measures: Version 1.1.0 [Internet]. Zenodo; 2018 [cited 2021 Jan 14]. Available from: https://zenodo.org/record/1453467

RStudio Team. RStudio: Integrated Development for R. [Internet]. Boston; 2021. Available from: http://www.rstudio.com/

Kassambara A. rstatix: Pipe-Friendly Framework for Basic Statistical Tests [Internet]. 2020. Available from: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rstatix

Mennen I. Beyond Segments: Towards a L2 Intonation Learning Theory. In: Delais-Roussarie E, Avanzi M, Herment S, editors. Prosody and Language in Contact: L2 Acquisiton, Attrition and Languages in Multilingual Situations. Berlin: Springer; 2015. p. 171–88.

Capilla MCC. Espanhol e português em contato: o atrito da L1 de imigrantes espanhóis no Brasil. [Dissertation]. [Brasília]: Universidade de Brasília; 2007.

Pereyron L. A produção vocálica por falantes de espanhol (L1), inglês (L2) e português (L3): uma perspectiva dinâmica na (multi) direcionalidade da transferência linguística. [Thesis]. [Porto Alegre]: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; 2017.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2021 Cristiane Conceição Silva, Pablo Arantes

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.