Abstract
After presenting the outline of the actions of the Canadian geologist Charles Frederick Hartt (1840-1878) as an archaeologist in Brazil, this article focuses on the discussion about the early problematic reception, especially by American archaeologists and anthropologists, of some of his theories on Brazilian Indian archaeology. It debates then the recent rereading of Hartt’s notes and texts on the subject conducted by the American archaeologist Anna Roosevelt as an attempt to recover the research value of the “old collections”.
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