Resumo
O Partido Comunista Americano conseguiu nos anos 1930 construir uma base militante dentre a minoria negra. Essa política foi resultado de diferentes tentativas para articular uma política de classe com o combate contra as desigualdades raciais. Uma nova abordagem teórica importada da Rússia revolucionária definiu os afro-americanos como uma nação oprimida em direito, portanto, de reivindicar o direito à autodeterminação e a constituição de uma república negra no Velho Sul: é a tese adotada em 1928 conhecida como “cinturão negro”, o “Black Belt” essa vasta região do Sul onde são maioria. Essa fórmula política, inaplicável na prática e pouco conciliável com a vontade de unificar a classe com o internacionalismo, tem sido pouco estudada. Ela ilustra os riscos da intersecção entre raça e classe e a maneira na qual foi dividida e ainda divide a esquerda. Nós vamos especificar sua origem e mostrar como ela ilumina a atividade de alguns militantes por formulá-la e impor ao partido. Nós nos propomos a estudar diferentes escritos de Harry Haywood e da imprensa comunista, nos cruzamentos de diferentes trabalhos de historiadores, para retraçar sua gênese.
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