Resumo
O presente artigo é uma versão brasileira do trabalho de Hynek Bartoš sobre a diferença psyché-soma no pensamento grego arcaico e clássico, com ênfase no discurso médico e filosófico. O autor nos mostra, por cortes sucessivos, as modificações que o discurso médico e filosófico imprimiram a esta dualidade, salientando a construção gradativa de uma noção psicológica de psyché, ausente nos textos homéricos e hipocráticos. A sequência do artigo nos aproxima de uma noção psicológica de alma que deu esteio à ideia da filosofia, notadamente a partir de Platão, como uma espécie de pharmakon destina à transformação da vida.
Referências
ANTIPHON. The Murder of Herodes. In: FREEMAN, Kathleen. The Murder of Herodes and Other Trials form Athenian Law Courts. Cambridge: Hackett Publishing, 1991, p. 63-85.
BURKERT, W. Weisheit und Wissenschaft: Studien zu Pythagoras, Philolaus und Platon. Nürnberg: Verlag Hans Carl, 1962.
CASERTANO, G. Pleasure, Desire and Happiness in Democritus. In: Proceedings of the Ist International Congress on Democritus. Xanthi, 6-9 October 1983. Athens, p. 347-353, 1984.
CLAUS, D. B. Toward the Soul: An Inquiry into the Meaning of Psyche before Plato. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981.
DEMOKRITOS. Die Fragmente. In: DIELS, Hermann. Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker. Zweite Auflage. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1906, p. 350-449.
DODDS, E. R. The Greeks and the Irrational. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951.
DUDLEY, J. A. The Ethics of Democritus and Aristotle. In: Proceedings of the Ist International Congress on Democritus. Xanthi, 6-9 October 1983. Athens, p. 371-385, 1984.
GIGON, O. Der Ursprung der griechischen Philosophie (von Hesiod bis Parmenides). Basel: Benno Schwabe & Co., 1945.
GORGIAS. Encomium of Helen. Translation by D. M. MacDowell. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press, 1982.
GOSLING, J. C. B. and TAYLOR, C. C. W. The Greeks on Pleasure. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982.
GUNDERT, B. Σῶμα and Psyche in Hippocratic Medicine. In: WRIGHT, J. P., POTTER, P. (eds.). Psyche and Σῶμα. Physicians and Metaphysicians on the Mind-Body Problem from Antiquity to Enlightenment. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
HEIDEL, W. A. Hippocratea I. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology. v. 25, p. 139-203, 1914.
HERÔDOTOS. História. Tradução de Mário da Gama Kury. 2ª ed. Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília, 1988.
HESIOD. Work and Days. In: EVELYN-WHITE, Hugh G. Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns and Homerica. London: Willian Heinemann, 1920, p. 2-63.
HIPPOCRATE. Traité des airs, des eaux et des lieux. In: LITTRÉ, E. Œuvres complètes d’Hippocrate. Tome second. Paris: J. B. Baillière, 1840, p. 12-93.
HIPPOCRATE. De l’art. In: LITTRÉ, E. Œuvres complètes d’Hippocrate. Tome sixième. Paris: J. B. Baillière, 1849a, p. 01-28.
HIPPOCRATE. Des affections. In: LITTRÉ, E. Œuvres complètes d’Hippocrate. Tome sixième. Paris: J. B. Baillière, 1849b, p. 206-272.
HIPPOCRATE. Du régime. In: LITTRÉ, E. Œuvres complètes d’Hippocrate. Tome sixième. Paris: J. B. Baillière, 1849c, p. 462-663.
HIPPOCRATE. Prorrhétique. Livre deuxième. In: LITTRÉ, E. Œuvres complètes d’Hippocrate. Tome neuvième. Paris: J. B. Baillière, 1861, p. 01-307.
HOMERO. Ilíada. Tradução de Frederico Lourenço. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2013.
JOLY, R. Hippocrate, Du régime. Paris : Les belles lettres, 1967.
JOUANNA, J. Hippocrates. Baltimore/London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999.
KAHN, C. H. Democritus and the Origins of Moral Psychology. American Journal of Philology. 106, p. 1-31, 1985.
KALOGERAKOS, I. G. Seele und Unsterblichkeit. Stuttgart/Leipzig: De Gruyter, 1996.
KIRK, G. S., RAVEN, J. E. and SCHOFIELD, M. The presocratic Philosophers. A Critical History with a Selection of Texts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.
LLOYD, G. E. R. Adversaries and Authorities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
LONG, H. S. A Study of the Doctrine of Metempsychosis in Greece. From Pythagoras to Plato. Princeton: Cambridge University Press, 1948.
LYSIAS. On the refusal of a Pension to the Invalid. Translated by W. R. M. Lamb. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1967, p. 516-533.
MCGIBBON, D. Pleasure as the ‘Criterion’ in Democritus. Phronesis. v. 5, p. 75-77, 1960.
NILSSON, M. P. The Immortality of the Soul in Greek Religion. Eranos. v. 39, p. 1-16, 1941.
NILSSON, M. P. Letter to Prof. A. D. Nock on Some Fundamental Concepts in the Science of Religion. Harvard Theological Review. v. 42, p. 71-107, 1949.
PADEL, R. In and Out of the Mind. Greek Images of the Tragic Self. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.
PALM, A. Studien zur hippokratischen Schrift PERI DIAITHS. Diss. Phil. Tübingen, 1933.
REGENBOGEN, O. ΔΑΙΜΟΝΙΟΝ ΨΥΧΗΣ ΦΩΣ. In: Kleine Schriften. München: C. H. Beck, p. 1-28, 1961.
REINHARDT, K. Parmenides und die Geschichte der griechischen Philosophie. Bonn: Friedrich Cohen, 1916.
ROBINSON, T. M. Plato’s Psychology. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1970.
ROHDE, E. Psyche. Seelencult und Unsterblichkeitsglaube der Griechen. 9th ed., Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1925.
SNELL, B. The Discovery of Mind. Oxford: Blackwell, 1953.
STEINER, P. M. Psyche bei Platon. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1992.
VLASTOS, G. Ethics and Physics in Democritus (Part One). The Philosophical Review. v. 54, p. 578-592, 1945.
VLASTOS, G. Ethics and Physics in Democritus (Part Two). The Philosophical Review. v. 55, p. 53-64, 1946.
VLASTOS, G. On Heraclitus. American Journal of Philology. v. 76, p. 337-368, 1955.
XENOPHANES. Die Fragmente. Übersetzt von Ernst Heitsch. München/ Zürich: Artemis Verlag, 1983.
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Revista de Estudos Filosóficos e Históricos da Antiguidade