Sample PubMed Central Citations

This page shows reference citations in the NLM format. All of these examples were taken from:

Patrias, Karen. Citing medicine: the NLM style guide for authors, editors, and publishers [Internet]. 2nd ed. Wendling, Daniel L., technical editor. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2007 [2008 May 1]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine

This version shows the style of the references as they will appear online in PMC. A tagged version is available for examples of how to tag each citation. These citations are tagged in version 3.0 of the NLM Journal Archiving DTD. For examples tagged in versions prior to 3.0, please see http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/pmcdoc/tagging-guidelines/citations/v2/citations.html.

Citing Published Print Documents

1. Journals
1. Parts of Journal Articles
2. Entire Journal Titles
2. Books
1. Parts of Books
2. Contributions to Books
3. Conference Publications
1. Conference Papers
2. Parts of Conference Papers
4. Scientific and Technical Reports
5. Dissertations and Theses
1. Entire Dissertations and Theses
2. Parts of Dissertations and Theses
6. Bibliographies
1. Entire Bibliographies
2. Parts of Bibliographies
7. Patents
8. Newspaper Articles

Citing Unpublished Material

1. Forthcoming ("in press")
1. Forthcoming Journal Articles
2. Forthcoming Books
2. Papers and Poster Sessions Presented at Meetings
3. Letters and Other Personal Communications

Citing Audio and Visual Media (audiocassettes, videocassettes, slides, photographs, etc.)

1. Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats
2. Journals in Audiovisual Formats
1. Journal Articles in Audiovisual Formats
2. Journal Titles in Audiovisual Formats

Citing Material on CD-ROM, DVD, or Disk

1. Books and Other Individual Titles on CD-ROM, DTD, or Disk
2. Journals on CD-ROM, DTD, or Disk
1. Journal Articles on CD-ROM, DVD, or Disk
2. Entire Journal Titles on CD-ROM, DVD, or Disk
3. Databases on CD-ROM, DTD, or Disk
4. Computer Programs on CD-ROM, DTD, or Disk

Citing Material on the Internet

1. Books and Other Individual Titles on the Internet
1. Entire Books and Other Individual Titles on the Internet
2. Parts of Books on the Internet
3. Contributions to Books on the Internet
2. Journals on the Internet
3. Databases/Retrieval Systems on the Internet
4. Web Sites
5. Electronic Mail and Discussion Forums
1. Electronic Mail
2. LISTSERVs and Similar Discussion Lists
3. Blogs
4. Wikis